The starting
point of any C.C.T.V. system is the camera. Simply stated, a camera is a light
sensitive device that converts particles of light into electrical impulses,
however, there is a vast difference in the quality of cameras available to the
consumer. Factors that differentiate the various cameras include whether they
are color, black and white, light sensitivity, image resolution and image
transfer technology. The consumer must also consider the inherent advantages and
disadvantages in each of these different camera technologies and decide which
features best fit their individual needs and goals.
In the past, color
cameras have been both very expensive and lack-luster in their image
performance, when compared to black and white cameras. New technology is now
bringing the innovative technologies closer together in both the price and
performance scale. The current differences between the two technologies are
almost entirely limited to light sensitivity and light
reactivity.
Light sensitivity is
measured in LUX. The lower the LUX rating, the higher the sensitivity
to light. It is important to keep in mind that even the best-rated cameras are
limited by the technology of the day, as well as the visibility conditions
present at the time of the surveillance. Although great advancements in low
light surveillance continue to be ongoing, the image quality in a low light
situation will rarely be up to the standards of daylight
surveillance.
Color cameras, although much more
appealing on the outside when compared to their black and white counterparts,
generally offer less low light sensitivity than a black and white camera. The
other advantage of black and white cameras over color cameras is its ability to
"see" infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye. You can test this by
aiming a standard television remote at a black and white camera while watching
the monitor, the flashes you see are bursts of infrared light. The advantage of
this becomes apparent in the ability to light up a dark area with infrared
light, thus making images visible in almost pure darkness. With the color camera
the area will appear unlit, however, to a black and white camera, the area will
appear almost like daylight.
The black
and white camera's reactivity to the invisible light spectrum can also
pose a disadvantage in certain applications. Infrared light, although not
visible to the human eye, is found in abundance in many everyday situations. For
example, when aiming a black and white camera at hot pavement, it will "confuse"
the camera resulting in an unbalanced image. Professional grade black and white
cameras often incorporate infrared cut-filters. These cut-filters inhibit the
infrared light spectrum in turn decreasing the cameras low light
sensitivity.
The C.C.T.V. Industry
measures image resolution in horizontal lines. The higher the line
rating, the clearer the image will appear. With this fact in mind, consider that
all electronic components within a C.C.T.V. System, from the camera, to the VCR,
to the monitor. These items are all rated in the same way. The actual resolution
of the entire system will only be as high as the lowest rated item. For example,
if you have a camera rated at 450 lines and a monitor rated at 300 lines, then
the result will be 300 visible lines of resolution because the monitor is the
lowest rated item in this example. Another point to keep in mind is that the
line rating is "Total lines" not lines per inch. Therefore a 12" monitor with a
300 line rating has a far better clarity than a 17" monitor with the same line
rating.
The most recent and predominant advances in the C.C.T.V. Industry
are the changes in image transfer technology. This technology deals with how the
camera takes light particles and converts them into electronic images. Without
going into too much detail, image transfer technologies include the
following:
Phosphorus Tube Cameras - This camera has low
quality, old technology and is susceptible to "image burn". Image burn is when
intense light sources will burn themselves into the camera‚s light receptor
resulting in the image appearing "memorized". Although this is not a problem
with modern day cameras, image burn can still occur on monitors. Tube cameras
are also known for poor low light sensitivity.
C.C.D - Also known as "Chip cameras". This
camera is the most standard of cameras in the professional realm. C.C.D. cameras
do not suffer from the problem of image burn and can incorporate various methods
of signal processing, which offers a high level of flexibility to the
installer.
CMOS Transfer
Cameras - These cameras are very small and continue to get smaller as
the technology advances. Although very attractive in their size, CMOS cameras
generally do not offer the signal processing, image quality or low light
sensitivity of the higher priced C.C.D. camera models. However, the technologies
are slowly growing closer together to the point where CMOS cameras may
eventually take over the Surveillance Industry.
IP Camera's H264
Compression and the move to Digital Video Surveillance - Since I originally
wrote this article pre Y2K, the Video Surveillance industry has changed
dramatically. The CCD chip is gone the way of the Phosphorus tube and CMOS has
taken over. Along with that, analogue camera's and Coax cabling is rapidly being
replaced with "Intelligent" IP Camera's with onboard analytics and POE Computer
networks have almost replaced the old method of wiring.
Depending on the Camera and DVR you choose, onboard analytics can help you
filter through days of video surveillance in a fraction of the time. Pixel
search, abandoned objects and virtual trip wires are some of the many digital
tools available to help you find the footage you are looking for. A properly
designed and installed Video Surveillance system can make searching for Video
seem like childs play. On the other hand, an generic knock-off o poorly designed
system may very well result in unusable footage and missing surveillance.
With the ongoing advances in the technology involved in the Security Alarm
Industry, it is important to choose a recognized brand name with history and the
proven ability to adapt to change. Firmware upgradability and scalability are
more than simple industry buzz words. Digital Video Surveillance is more than
just buying a DVR at your local big box store. I suggest you do more research
into the brand name and history as you do the technology itself.
The Video Surveillance Industries move to the digital relm has resulting in
the spawning of a new bread of technician. Computer programmers and various PC
Builders have moved into the video surveillance market like gangbusters. As a
result, PISA, the British Columbia governmental department responsible for
Policing, Private Investigators and the Security Industry as a whole has stepped
in to try and regulate this run-away industry filled with under qualified
"trunk-slammers". I am by no means saying all IT techs are trunk slammers, I am
simply pointing out the IT technician industry is seriously lacking regulation.
Sure there is Microsoft Certified or Cisco certified technicians but what does
that really mean in the world of Security?
As with the Security Alarm Installation industry, all Video Surveillance
installation companies and installers MUST BE REGISTERED WITH PISA. This means
fingerprints and criminal record checks. If you are looking at having any type
of Security Alarm System or CCTV Video Surveillance System installed, you can
always check to see if the company providing you with the quotation is
registered with the Provincial Government. Their website keeps changing, so a
simple search for Security Programs British Columbia or PISA British Columbia
should bring you up their website. Last time I looked, they had an online tool
for verifying both Security Employee's and the Company they work for.
KeepSafe Systems is fully registered ad licenced with the Province of British
Columbia as both a Certified Electrical Contractor as well as Security Alarm
Installation - Full (Which also encompasses Video Surveillance Systems)
KeepSafe Systems is authorized to Install Mobotix IP camera's. Made in Germany,
Mobotix IP camera's are top of the line IP surveillance camera's which are built
on a Linux Platform and are accessible with Windows, Mac, Iphone, Blackberry,
Linux and pretty much any Browser available. Mobotix IP camera's are also SIP
Audio and video capable. They can be used as a door intercom and Audio/Video
alarm verification. For more information on Mobotix IP camera's check out
http://www.mobotixtech.com
The
KeepSafe Systems service area includes but is not limited to North Vancouver,
West Vancouver, Richmond, Delta, Tsawassen, Ladner, Surrey, Cloverdale,
Abbotsford, Mission, Aldergrove, Maple Ridge, Haney, Port Coquitlam, Coquitlam,
Port Moody, Burnaby, New Westminster, Kamloops, Kelowna, Courtney, Comox,
Nanaimo, Lions Bay, Squamish and pretty much everywhere in
between. |
KeepSafe Systems installs services and provides Security Alarm System monitoring
services for security alarm systems in the Vancouver area of the Lower Mainland
Fraser Valley British Columbia. We install hardwired security alarm systems because we have found them to be far more reliable than wireless security alarm systems. We have various pet friendly security system options available for you including floor flex sensors and glassbreak detectors. When it comes to pet proof motion detectors or pet friendly motion detectors we have found them to be unreliable and therfor rely on better pet friendly security alarm systems.
The KeepSafe Systems service area
includes but is not limited to North Vancouver, West Vancouver, Richmond, Delta,
Tsawassen, Ladner, Surrey, Cloverdale, Abbotsford, Mission, Aldergrove, Maple
Ridge, Haney, Port Coquitlam, Coquitlam, Port Moody, Burnaby, New Westminster,
Kamloops, Kelowna, Courtney, Comox, Nanaimo, Lions Bay, Squamish and pretty much
everywhere in between.
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